Class字节码中有两种数据类型：
字节数据直接量：这是基本的数据类型。共细分为u1、u2、u4、u8四种，分别代表连续的1个字节、2个字节、4个字节、8个字节组成的整体数据。
表：表是由多个基本数据或其他表，按照既定顺序组成的大的数据集合。表是有结构的，它的结构体现在，组成表的成分所在的位置和顺序都是已经严格定义好的。
Class字节码总体结构如下：
具体详解请参考
我在这里要说明几个细节问题：
为什么说常量表的数量是constant_pool_count-1，且索引从1开始而不是0。其实根本原因在于，索引为0也是一个常量（保留常量），只不过它不存在常量表，这个常量就对应null值。因此加上这个系统保留常量，常量个数共为constant_pool_count个，但是常量表数量要减1。
在常量池中，如果存在long型或double型字面量，它们会占用两个连续索引。比如：假设一个类中只有一个int型字面量1和一个double型字面量1（当然这种假设是不可能的，因为总会有类名字面量等），则常量池个数为3，而不是2。这正是因为double字面量占用了两个连续的索引。
接下来，贴出一个小demo来展示如何读取字节码：
ClassParser负责把握Class字节码整体结构的解析。
package com.lixin;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;public class ClassParser { private InputStream in; public ClassParser(InputStream in) { this.in = in; } public void parse() throws IOException { // 魔数 magicNumber(); // 主次版本号 version(); // 常量池 constantPool(); // 类或接口修饰符 accessFlag(); // 继承关系（当前类、父类、父接口） inheritence(); // 字段集合 fieldList(); // 方法集合 methodList(); // 属性集合 attributeList(); } private void attributeList() throws IOException { line(); int attrLength = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("共有"+attrLength+"个属性"); for (int i=0;i ConstPoolParser负责常量池的解析（因为常量池表较多，且数据量也较大，因此单独拉出来解析）
package com.lixin;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;public class ConstPoolParser { public static final int Utf8_info = 1; public static final int Integer_info = 3; public static final int Float_info = 4; public static final int Long_info = 5; public static final int Double_info = 6; public static final int Class_info = 7; public static final int String_info = 8; public static final int Fieldref_info = 9; public static final int Methodref_info = 10; public static final int InterfaceMethodref_info = 11; public static final int NameAndType_info = 12; public static final int MethodHandle_info = 15; public static final int MethodType_info = 16; public static final int InvokeDynamic_info = 18; private InputStream in; public ConstPoolParser(InputStream in) { this.in = in; } public void constPool() throws IOException { line(); int length = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("共有"+length+"个常量"); boolean doubleBytes = false; for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) { if (doubleBytes) { doubleBytes = false; continue; } line(); System.out.println("常量索引："+i); int flag = StreamUtils.read1(in);// System.out.println("标志:"+flag); switch (flag) { case Utf8_info: utf8Info(); continue; case Integer_info: integerInfo(); continue; case Float_info: floatInfo(); continue; case Long_info: doubleBytes = true; longInfo(); continue; case Double_info: doubleBytes = true; doubleInfo(); continue; case Class_info: classInfo(); continue; case String_info: stringInfo(); continue; case Fieldref_info: fieldrefInfo(); continue; case Methodref_info: methodrefInfo(); continue; case InterfaceMethodref_info: interfaceMethodrefInfo(); continue; case NameAndType_info: nameAndTypeInfo(); continue; case MethodHandle_info: methodHandleInfo(); continue; case MethodType_info: methodTypeInfo(); continue; case InvokeDynamic_info: invokeDynamicInfo(); continue; default: System.err.println(flag); throw new RuntimeException("unknown"); } } } private void line() { System.out.println("----------------------"); } private void utf8Info() throws IOException { int length = StreamUtils.read2(in); byte[] buf = StreamUtils.read(in, length); String s = new String(buf,0,buf.length); System.out.println("utf8Info表："); System.out.println("值："+s); } private void integerInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("integerInfo表："); int value = StreamUtils.read4(in); System.out.println("值："+value); } private void floatInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("floatInfo表："); int value = StreamUtils.read4(in); float f = Float.intBitsToFloat(value); System.out.println("值："+f); } private void longInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("longInfo表："); long value = StreamUtils.read8(in); System.out.println("值："+value); } private void doubleInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("doubleInfo表："); long value = StreamUtils.read8(in); double d = Double.longBitsToDouble(value); System.out.println("值："+d); } private void classInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("classInfo表:"); int index = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("index:" + index); } private void stringInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("stringInfo表:"); int index = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("index:" + index); } private void fieldrefInfo() throws IOException { int classIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); int nameAndTypeIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("fieldrefInfo表:"); System.out.println("classIndex:" + classIndex); System.out.println("nameAndTypeIndex:" + nameAndTypeIndex); } private void methodrefInfo() throws IOException { int classIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); int nameAndTypeIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("methodrefInfo表:"); System.out.println("classIndex:" + classIndex); System.out.println("nameAndTypeIndex:" + nameAndTypeIndex); } private void interfaceMethodrefInfo() throws IOException { int classIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); int nameAndTypeIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("interfaceMethodrefInfo表:"); System.out.println("classIndex:" + classIndex); System.out.println("nameAndTypeIndex:" + nameAndTypeIndex); } private void nameAndTypeInfo() throws IOException { int nameIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); int typeIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("nameAndTypeInfo表:"); System.out.println("nameIndex:" + nameIndex); System.out.println("typeIndex:" + typeIndex); } private void methodHandleInfo() throws IOException { int referenceKind = StreamUtils.read1(in); int referenceIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("methodHandleInfo表："); System.out.println("referenceKind:"+referenceKind); System.out.println("referenceIndex:"+referenceIndex); } private void methodTypeInfo() throws IOException { System.out.println("methodTypeInfo表："); int descriptorIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("descriptorIndex:"+descriptorIndex); } private void invokeDynamicInfo() throws IOException { int bootstrapMethodAttrIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); int nameAndTypeIndex = StreamUtils.read2(in); System.out.println("bootstrapMethodAttrIndex:"+bootstrapMethodAttrIndex); System.out.println("nameAndTypeIndex:"+nameAndTypeIndex); }} StreamUtils负责从输入字节流中读取数据
package com.lixin;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;public class StreamUtils { public static int read1(InputStream in) throws IOException { return in.read() & 0xff; } public static int read2(InputStream in) throws IOException{ return (read1(in) << 8) | read1(in); } public static int read4(InputStream in) throws IOException { return (read2(in) <<16) | read2(in); } public static long read8(InputStream in) throws IOException { long high = read4(in) & 0xffffffffl; long low = read4(in) & 0xffffffffl; return (high << 32) | (low); } public static byte[] read(InputStream in,int length) throws IOException { byte[] buf = new byte[length]; in.read(buf, 0, length); return buf; }} TestClass为待解析的目标类，读者可以任意改写此类来多做实验
package com.lixin;public class TestClass { private int a = 5; protected char c = 'c'; double x = 1.1; long y = 111; public void show() { }} 测试方法入口：
package com.lixin;import java.io.InputStream;/** * 程序入口 * @author lixin * */public class App { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InputStream in = Class.class.getResourceAsStream("/com/lixin/TestClass.class"); ClassParser parser = new ClassParser(in); parser.parse(); } } 最后，我们可以使用jdk中的javap进行字节码反编译，来对比我们的读取与反编译结果差别，用于查错。
javap -v TestClass.class >./out.txt